Linear shafts / internal thread on one side / spanner flat (Part Numbers - CAD Download)

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Technical Drawing - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Tapped/One End Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

Basic Properties (e.g. material, hardness, coating, tolerance) - Linear Shafts

Type			Material	Hardness	Surface Treatment
W/o Wrench Flats	With Wrench Flats	D Tol.	Material	Hardness	Surface Treatment
VFJT	VFJC	g6	EN 1.3505 Equiv.	Induction Hardened Effective Hardened Depth >>P.112 EN 1.3505 Equiv. 58HRC~ EN 1.4037 Equiv. 56HRC~	-
VSFJT	VSFJC		EN 1.4037 Equiv.		-
VPFJT	VPFJC		EN 1.3505 Equiv.		Hard Chrome Plating Plating Hardness HV750 ~ Plating Thickness: 5µ or More
VPSFJT	VPSFJC		EN 1.4037 Equiv.
VRJT	VRJC		EN 1.3505 Equiv.		LTBC Plating

Further specifications can be found under the tab More Information.

Composition of a Product Code - Linear Shafts

Part Number	-	L	-	M	-	SC
VFJT20 VFJC20	- -	100 100	- -	M8 M8	- -	SC10

Alterations - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Tapped/One End Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

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Part Number
VRJC12-[20-400/1]-MSC8-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC13-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC13-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC13-[20-400/1]-MSC8-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC15-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC15-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC15-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC16-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC16-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC16-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC18-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC18-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC18-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10,12]-SC[0-340/1]
VRJC20-[25-500/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC20-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC20-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC25-[25-500/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12,16]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC25-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC25-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14,18]-SC[0-440/1]
VRJC30-[25-500/1]-M[6,8,10,12,16,20]-SC[0-435/1]
VRJC30-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16,20]-SC[0-435/1]
VRJC30-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14,18]-SC[0-435/1]
VRJT4-[25-200/1]-M2
VRJT5-[25-300/1]-M[2.6,3]
VRJT6-[20-350/1]-M3
VRJT8-[20-350/1]-M[3,4,5]
VRJT10-[20-400/1]-M[3,4,5,6]
VRJT10-[20-400/1]-MD6
VRJT12-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8]
VRJT12-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8]
VRJT12-[20-400/1]-MSC8
VRJT13-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8]
VRJT13-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8]
VRJT13-[20-400/1]-MSC8
VRJT15-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10]
VRJT15-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VRJT15-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10]
VRJT16-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10]
VRJT16-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VRJT16-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10]
VRJT18-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VRJT18-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VRJT18-[20-400/1]-MSC[8,10,12]
VRJT20-[25-500/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VRJT20-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VRJT20-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14]
VRJT25-[25-500/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12,16]
VRJT25-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16]
VRJT25-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14,18]
VRJT30-[25-500/1]-M[6,8,10,12,16,20]
VRJT30-[25-500/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16,20]
VRJT30-[25-500/1]-MSC[8,10,12,14,18]
VSFJC6-[20-350/1]-M3-SC[0-292/1]
VSFJC8-[20-350/1]-M[3,4,5]-SC[0-292/1]
VSFJC10-[20-400/1]-M[3,4,5,6]-SC[0-342/1]
VSFJC10-[20-400/1]-MD6-SC[0-342/1]
VSFJC12-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8]-SC[0-340/1]
VSFJC12-[20-400/1]-MD[6,8]-SC[0-340/1]
VSFJC12-[20-400/1]-MSC8-SC[0-340/1]
VSFJC13-[20-400/1]-M[4,5,6,8]-SC[0-340/1]

Standard Unit Price	Minimum order quantity	Standard Shipping Days ?	RoHS	[D] Diameter (Shaft) (mm)	[L] Length (Shaft) (mm)	Material	Surface Treatment	Hardness	[SC] Distance (wrench flat) (mm)	[MSC] Size (fine thread - depth 2xMSC) (mm)	[MD] Size (thread - depth 3xM) (mm)	[M] Size (thread - depth 2xM) (mm)
-	1	14 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 8
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	6 ～ 8	-
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 10
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8 ～ 10	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 10
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8 ～ 10	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 12
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	6 ～ 12	-
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8 ～ 12	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	-	-	4 ～ 12
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	-	6 ～ 12	-
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	8 ～ 14	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	-	-	4 ～ 16
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	-	6 ～ 16	-
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 440	8 ～ 18	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 435	-	-	6 ～ 20
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 435	-	6 ～ 20	-
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 435	8 ～ 18	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	4	25 ～ 200	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	2
-	1	14 Days	10	5	25 ～ 300	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	2.6 ～ 3
-	1	14 Days	10	6	20 ～ 350	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	3
-	1	14 Days	10	8	20 ～ 350	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	3 ～ 5
-	1	14 Days	10	10	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	3 ～ 6
-	1	14 Days	10	10	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6	-
-	1	14 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 8
-	1	14 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 8	-
-	1	14 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 8
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 8	-
-	1	14 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 10
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	14 Days	10	15	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 10	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 10
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	14 Days	10	16	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 10	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 12
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 12	-
-	1	14 Days	10	18	20 ～ 400	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 12	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 12
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 12	-
-	1	14 Days	10	20	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 14	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	4 ～ 16
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 16	-
-	1	14 Days	10	25	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 18	-	-
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	-	6 ～ 20
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	6 ～ 20	-
-	1	14 Days	10	30	25 ～ 500	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	LTBC Plating	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	8 ～ 18	-	-
-	1	10 Days	10	6	20 ～ 350	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 292	-	-	3
-	1	10 Days	10	8	20 ～ 350	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 292	-	-	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	10	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 342	-	-	3 ～ 6
-	1	10 Days	10	10	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 342	-	6	-
-	1	10 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 8
-	1	10 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	6 ～ 8	-
-	1	10 Days	10	12	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 340	8	-	-
-	1	10 Days	10	13	20 ～ 400	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	-	4 ～ 8

Back to Linear Shaft Category

Technical Drawing - Linear Shafts

Specification Tables - Linear Shafts

Overview of the shaft designs as PDF

D Tol.
D	g6
4	-0.004 -0.012
5
6
8	-0.005 -0.014
10	-0.005 -0.014
12	-0.006 -0.017
13
15
16
18
20	-0.007 -0.020
25
30

Part Number			L specified in 1mm Increment	M (Coarse), N (Coarse) Selection											Wrench Flats Dimensions			C
Type		D	L specified in 1mm Increment	M (Coarse), N (Coarse) Selection											SC	W	ℓ₁	C
(W/o Wrench Flats) (D4~D30) VFJT VSFJT VPFJT VPSFJT VRJT	(With Wrench Flats) (D6~D30) VFJC VSFJC VPFJC VPSFJC VRJC	4	25~200	2											-	-	-	0.2 or Less
		5	25~300		2.6	3									-	-	-	0.2 or Less
		6	25~300			3									SC=1mm Increment SC+ℓ₁≤L SC≥0 Details of Wrench Flats >>P.112	5	8	0.5 or Less
		8	25~300			3	4	5								7
		10	25~350			3	4	5	6							8
		12	25~350				4	5	6	8						10	10
		13	25~350				4	5	6	8						11
		15	25~350				4	5	6	8	10					13
		16	25~350				4	5	6	8	10					14
		18	25~350				4	5	6	8	10	12				16
		20	30~450				4	5	6	8	10	12				17		1.0 or Less
		25	30~450				4	5	6	8	10	12	16			22
		30	30~450						6	8	10	12	16	20		27	15

For overall length L, when Mx2.5+4≥L, tap pilot holes may go through.

Alterations - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Tapped/One End Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

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Basic information

Basic Shape	Solid	Shaft end Shape (Left)	Internal thread	Shaft end Shape (Right)	Straight
Shaft end Perpendicularity	0.03	Heat Treatment	Induction Hardened	ISO Tolerance	g6

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Basic Attributes

[D] Diameter (Shaft)(mm)
4

5

6

8

10

12

13

15

16

18

20

25

30
Clear
[L] Length (Shaft)(mm)
[20-500/1mm Unit(s)]
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Material
- Alloyed Steel
  - EN 1.3505 Equiv.
- Stainless Steel (martensitique)
  - EN 1.4037 Equiv.
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Surface Treatment
- No Treatment
- Hard Chrome Plating
- LTBC Plating
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Hardness
- Induction Hardening (56HRC~)
- Induction Hardening (58HRC~)
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[SC] Distance (wrench flat)(mm)
[0-440/1mm Unit(s)]
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[MSC] Size (fine thread - depth 2xMSC)(mm)
8

10

12

14

18
Clear
[MD] Size (thread - depth 3xM)(mm)
6

8

10

12

16

20
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[M] Size (thread - depth 2xM)(mm)
2

2.6

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

16

20
Clear
Type
- VFJC
- VFJT
- VPFJC
- VPFJT
- VPSFJC
- VPSFJT
- VRJC
- VRJT
- VSFJC
- VSFJT
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Optional Attributes

The specifications and dimensions of some parts may not be fully covered. For exact details, refer to manufacturer catalogs .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Question:
What is the difference between a hollow shaft and a solid shaft?: Answer:
With the same size, there are three differences between a hollow shaft and a solid shaft. Hollow shafts weigh less. The inner cavity of a hollow shaft is suitable for use as a channel (cable channel). Solid shafts are a bit more rigid (higher resistance torque).
Question:
What is the minimum order of linear shafts from MISUMI?: Answer:
MISUMI supplies solid shafts, hollow shafts and precision shafts starting at a lot size of 1. This also applies to all other items in our product range.
Question:
Noises and vibrations occur with a linear shaft. In addition, there are jerky movements. What could cause this?: Answer:
In general, it may be caused if the steel shaft is not properly lubricated. In addition, an incorrectly selected diameter tolerance of the linear shafts may also make the cycle of motion more difficult. When using MISUMI linear ball bearings, a g6 shaft tolerance is recommended (tolerance recommendations may vary depending on the manufacturer).
Question:
What is the strength of a solid shaft?: Answer:
The strength of a linear shaft, although it is a solid shaft, hollow shaft or precision shaft, should always be selected in consideration of the strength of the material used.
Question:
What are the advantages of a hollow shaft over a solid shaft?: Answer:
There are various advantages of a hollow shaft compared to a solid shaft. If the outer diameter is the same, the weight of a hollow shaft is lower than that of a solid shaft. However, the cavity of the hollow shaft can also be used as a cable channel or for cooling. A hollow shaft is at the same weight or with the same cross-sectional area more rigid than a solid shaft, because the outer diameter is larger. However, the question that needs to be answered is whether the advantage is a greater room utilization or less weight.
Question:
Is a hollow shaft stiffer than a solid shaft?: Answer:
The rigidity of a hollow shaft is slightly lower with the same outer diameter than that of a solid shaft. However, with the same cross-sectional area or with the same weight, the stiffness of a hollow shaft is higher than that of a solid shaft, because the outer diameter of the hollow shaft is larger.
Question:
Why do I have running grooves on the linear shafts of my 3D printers?: Answer:
The running grooves on the linear shaft may have been created, for example, by using a linear ball bearing. To prevent grooves from forming on a steel shaft, it should be hardened and hard chromium plated, making it more durable and resistant to the wear and tear from ball bearings.
Question:
How do the flexure properties of hollow shafts and solid shafts differ?: Answer:
With an equally large outer diameter, a solid shaft has better flexure properties than an equally large hollow shaft. However, the solid shaft is not much stiffer than a hollow shaft with the same outer diameter, since the outer sections mainly carry the load. Hollow shafts with the same cross-sectional area are more rigid than solid shafts, because they have a larger outer diameter. Therefore, there is physically more material in the outer sections for the bending, which bears the loads.
Question:
I need a lacquered or matted shaft because reflections cause problems with the optics. Does MISUMI have something like that?: Answer:
MISUMI LTBC-coated linear shafts are an alternative to painted or matted steel shafts. The LTBC coating is low-reflection and has the same effect as painted and matte shafts. In addition, LTBC-coated linear shafts are more resistant to wear and tear and flaking. You can find further information on LTBC coating here .
Question:
It has been shown that a hollow shaft is stronger than a solid shaft made of the same material. Why?: Answer:
A hollow shaft with the same outer dimensions is principally not stronger than a solid shaft. However, a hollow shaft per weight unit is stronger.